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History of the Jews in Italy
The history of the Jews in Italy spans more than two thousand years. The Jewish presence in Italy dates to the pre-Christian Roman period and has continued, despite periods of extreme persecutions and expulsions from parts from time to time, until the present. As of 2007, the estimated core Jewish population in Italy numbers around 45,000.〔As reported by the ''American Jewish Yearbook'' (2007), on a total Italian population of circa 59,300,000 people, which therefore is approx. 0.05%. Greater concentrations are in Rome and Milan. Cf. the demographic statistics by Sergio DellaPergola, published on (''World Jewish Population'' ), American Jewish Committee, 2007.URL accessed 13 March 2013. As data originate from records kept by the various Italian Jewish congregations (which means they register "observant" Jews who have somehow had to go through basic rituals such as the Brit Milah or Bar/Bat Mitzvah etc.). Excluded are therefore "ethnic Jews", lay Jews, atheist/agnostic Jews, ''et al.'' – cfr. "Who is a Jew?". If these are added, then the total population would increase, possibly to approx. 45,000 Jews in Italy, not counting recent migrations from North Africa and Eastern Europe.〕
==Antiquity==
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